Abstract: The contact model of ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP) was built to simulate the ultrasonic surface rolling process of X80 steel, and the distribution of equivalent plastic strain and residual stress distribution were analyzed. The simulated residual stress was compared with the experimental ones. The results show that USRP on X80 steel surface led to drastic plastic deformation and residual compressive stresses. Meanwhile, the residual compressive stress decreased gradually with the increase of the depth from surface and transformed into residual tensile stress. Peak residual compressive stress and the thickness of compressive stress layer increased with the increase of displacement. The error of simulated residual stress and measured ones on X80 steel surface was about 4.8%, this verified the reliability of the model.