Abstract: The 5052 aluminum alloy sheets were processed by the groove pressing (GP) deformation for multi-passes, and the effects of the GP deformation passes on the microstructure and tensile properties at room temperature were studied. The results show that the average grain size of the aluminum alloy decreased with the increase of the GP deformation passes. After deformation for four passes the average grain size was reduced from undeformed 43.2 μm to about 1.1 μm. The tensile strength monotonously increased with the increase of the GP deformation passes while the elongation first decreased rapidly then increased slowly. The process of GP deformation for four passes can improve the tensile strength and simultaneously maintained the good plasticity of the 5052 aluminum alloy.