Abstract: Based on the maximum non-deformed chip thickness of the single abrasive particle, the grinding force mathematical model of the axial ultrasonic vibration assisted ceramic grinding was established. The simulated grinding forces were obtained with different cut depths, wheel linear speeds and workpiece speeds and verified by the experiments. The results show that the error between the calculated and experimental values was about 15% of the normal forces and 20% of the axial forces. The grinding forces by calculation were higher than those of experiments due to the trajectory overlaps of the front and back abrasive particles. The grinding force decreased with the wheel edge speed increase, and increased with the increase of the cut depth and workpiece speed.