Abstract: According to the thin-walled structure of 6061 and 6063 aluminum alloys, the true stress-strain curve were obtained by quasi-static tensile test and 180 degree bending experiment, and then, the constitutive model for ductile fracture was established by linear regression fitting. On this basis, compression failure finite element model for aluminum alloy thin-walled structure was built, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified by axial compression test. The results show that the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy was peel morphology, while the surface of 6063 aluminum alloy was smooth; the fracture modes of two kinds of aluminum alloys were ductile fracture; the toughness of 6063 aluminum alloy was better than that of 6061 aluminum alloy; the parameters of fracture model of 6061 and 6063 aluminum alloys were 104.81 MPa and 179.91 MPa; the failure behavior of aluminum alloy thin-walled structure obtained by simulation and experiment were in good agreement, which indicated that the ductile fracture constitutive model of aluminum alloys was accurate.