Abstract: The evolution of microstructure and texture of common grain-oriented silicon steel, which was captured from different processes during cold rolling and annealing, was analyzed by the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, etc. The results show that after first cold rolling and decarburizing annealing at 850℃ for 6 min, in the grain-oriented silicon steel the primary recrystallization occurred and the grains transformed from fibrous structure into equiaxed structure with the average grain size of 25 μm. The textures mainly consisted of 001<010>, 111 <112>, Goss texture, and so on. After the second cold rolling, the grains became smaller in size and transformed into fibrous structure once again. The textures mainly consisted of α texture and γ texture. After annealing at 1 170℃, the second recrystallization occurs in the grain-oriented silicon and the first recrystallization grains grew abnormally, reaching the centimeter level in size. After drawing planishing annealing, the grains became smoother and more homogeneous with the average grain size of 2.28 cm. The orientation density of Goss texture reached the maximum degree of 24.