Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stress in Multi-layer and Multi-pass Welded Joint of P92 Steel
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摘要: 采用考虑固态相变的热-冶金-力学耦合有限元模拟方法, 使用SYSWELD软件研究了P92钢多层多道焊接接头的温度场及残余应力场；观察了接头截面形貌，采用盲孔法测试了残余应力，并对模拟结果进行了验证；采用该有限元模拟方法分析了焊接过程中残余应力的变化。结果表明：模拟得到的接头截面峰值温度分布形状与试验得到的接头截面形貌相吻合，说明有限元模拟可以较好地还原实际焊接过程中的热输入情况；模拟得到的接头残余应力沿焊缝中心呈对称分布，与试验结果吻合较好，说明该有限元模拟方法可以准确地预测P92钢多层多道焊接接头的残余应力；在多层多道焊接过程中焊缝及热影响区的部分金属在经历后续热循环时发生软化，导致残余应力消失，并在冷却阶段发生残余应力的重新分配。Abstract: Temperature field and residual stress field of P92 steel multi-layer and multi-pass welded joint were studied by the finite element simulation method of thermal-metallurgical-mechanical computational procedure considering solid-state phase transformation via SYSWELD software. The morphology of joint section was observed. Residual stress was measured by hole-drilling method, and the simulated results were verified. The change of residual stress in the joint was also investigated by finite element simulation. The results show that simulated maximum temperature profile shape of the joint section was in good agreement with the morphology of weld and heat affected zone obtained by test, indicating that the finite element simulation could well restore the heat input during actual welding process. The simulated residual stress had a symmetrical distribution along weld center, and matched tested results well, indicating that the finite element simulation method could accurately predict the residual stress in P92 steel multi-layer and multi-pass welded joint. Partial metal in weld and heat affect zone softened after undergoing continued thermal cycles during multi-layer and multi-pass welding, leading to residual stress relief and then residual stress redistribution during cooling process.
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