Abstract: Synchrotron radiation source with high spatial and temporal resolution is a large-scale scientific instrument representing kernel creativity of modern fundamental sciences. Research progress on in-situ loading machines based on high-energy X-ray 3D tomography is described. A set of in-situ loading rigs independently developed by the author team on the basis of Shanghai synchrotron radiation source and Beijing synchrotron radiation facility since 2011, including in-situ tensile, compression, low-cycle fatigue, high-cycle fatigue and super high-cycle fatigue testing machine as well as the sample environment, and researches on high-strength lightweight materials (such as laser welded aluminum alloy and additively manufactured aluminum and titanium alloys) are concisely discussed. The results show that in-situ loading machines play a key role in characterizing microstructural damage evolution of advanced materials, and also are the major supporting of large-scale scientific instruments related to national competitiveness.