Abstract: The effects of wear time, load, rolling speed, and relative humidity on the number of wear particles on surface of soft styrene-butadiene rubber wheel and the rubber wheel temperature were studied with a self-designed friction and wear testing machine. The wear mechanism under different working conditions was analyzed. The influence degree of each factor was analyzed by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the number of wear particles increased with the increase of wear time and load, and decreased with the increase of rolling speed and relative humidity. The number of wear particles with particle size of 2.5 μm and the temperature of the rubber wheel had the same changing trend with various factors. The amount of the small wear particles could be predicted by temperature changes. The wear mode was fatigue wear under low load, and was fatigue wear and abrasive wear under high load. The order of the influence degree of each factor was load, rolling speed, relative humidity, type of grinding wheel. When the load was 100 N, the rolling speed was 8 m·s^-1, the relative humidity was 60% and the grinding wheel was a cement wheel, the number of wear particles was the least.