Abstract: Cold rolling deformation with deformation amounts of 0, 20%, 50% was conducted on Sanicro 25 austenitic heat-resistant steel. The effects of the cold deformation on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the steel were investigated by microstructure observation, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and hardness tests. The results show that no new phases were formed in the test steel during cold deformation under the test conditions. With the increase of cold deformation, the numbers of twins and dislocation density in the test steel were improved. The grain orientation 〈111〉, 〈001〉 of the test steel in the inverse pole figure z direction was unstable orientation. A new 112〈110〉 texture was produced by cold deformation. With the increase of cold deformation, the strength of Rotated cube 001〈110〉 and Goss 110〈001〉 textures of the test steel generally showed a weakening trend, the tensile strength, yield strength and hardness increased, and the ability to resist plastic deformation was weakened.