Abstract: The double-pass thermal compression test of Fe-0.1C-5Mn steel was carried out by Gleeble-3500 thermal/mechanical simulator, and the effects of deformation temperature (850, 900, 950, 1 000 ℃), pass interval (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 s) and strain rate (0.01, 0.1, 1 s^-1) on the static recrystallization behavior of the steel during thermal deformation were studied. On the basis of the stress and strain data, the power dissipation efficiency diagram was drawn. The results show that increasing the deformation temperature, prolonging the pass interval or increasing the strain rate was helpful to the static recrystallization of the test steel during the double-pass thermal compression deformation. The static recrystallization activation energy of the steel was 210 kJ·mol^-1. The stable deformation region of the test steel was in the high strain rate region (0.2-1 s^-1) with short pass interval (1,10 s), and in the low temperature and low strain rate region (850-925 ℃/0.01-0.2 s^-1) with long pass interval (100 s).