气雾化法制备3D打印金属粉末的工艺研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation Process of 3D Printing Metal Powder by Gas Atomization

摘要: 气雾化法制备的金属粉末粒径小，成分均匀，球形度高，流动性好，该方法已成为3D打印球形金属粉末的主要制备方法。然而，气雾化是一个多相流相互耦合作用的复杂过程，细微因素的改变可能导致粉末特性的改变，而粉末特性对3D打印件性能具有决定性的影响。综述了气雾化过程中金属液过热度、气液流量、雾化介质种类、雾化气体压力和温度、雾化器喷嘴构型和导液管几何结构等对粉末特性的影响规律，并对3D打印金属粉末材料及制备技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract: The metal powder prepared by gas atomization has small particle size, uniform composition, high sphericity and good fluidity, and the method has become the main preparation method of 3D printing spherical metal powder. However, gas atomization is a complex process of multi-phase flow interaction, and the change of subtle factors may lead to the change of powder characteristics, which has a decisive impact on the performance of 3D printed parts. The effects of metal superheat, gas-liquid flow rate, atomizing medium type, atomizing gas pressure and temperature, atomizer nozzle configuration and delivery tube geometry in the process of gas atomization on powder characteristics are reviewed. The development direction of 3D printing metal powder materials and preparation technology is also prospected.