Abstract: Chilled cast iron with different mass fractions (0-2.0%) of vanadium was prepared by metal mold casting. The effect of vanadium content on the microstructure, impuct abrasive wear resistance and frictional wear resistance of chilled cast iron was studied. The results show that with the increase of vanadium mass fraction, the microstructure of chilled cast iron was refined, the carbide distribution was more uniform, and the carbide changed from network to long strip. When the vanadium mass fraction was higher than 1.2%, the carbides were coarsened and aggregated. With the increase of vanadium mass fraction, the wear mass loss of chilled cast iron decreased first and then increasesd slightly after impact abrasive wear test, and the impact abrasive wear resistance was the best when vanadium mass fraction was 1.2%. The impact abrasive wear mechanism of chilled cast iron with mass fraction 0, 1.2% vanadium under 1 J impact energy was micro-cutting and plastic fatigue, respectively. The addition of vanadium improved the frictional and wear properties of chilled cast iron. The frictional wear mechanisms of chilled cast iron with 0, 1.2% mass fraction of vanadium under 9.8 N load were abrasive wear, fatigue wear, respectively, under 6.9 N load were micro-cutting and fatigue wear, respectively.