Abstract: The medium manganese steel with stacking fault energy of 16, 63 mJ · m^－2 was obtained by adjusting carbon, manganese and aluminum content. The effect of stacking fault energy on the Bauschinger effect was studied by one-time tension-compression loading tests under different loading conditions (tension/compression strains of 4%/8%, 6%/10%, and 8%/12%). The results show that under different loading conditions, the reduction ratio of compressive yield strength (the ratio of difference between tensile and compressive yield strengths to the tensile yield strength) and the Bauschinger stress parameter (the ratio of difference absolute value between maximum stress and compressive yield strength to the maximum stress) of medium manganese steel with relatively high stacking fault energy were small, the Bauschinger ratio (the ratio of difference absolute value between maximum stress and compressive yield strength to difference absolute value between maximum stress and tensile yield strength) was relatively large, the back stress was relatively small, the incompatibility level of interphase plastic strain was relatively low and the Bauschinger effect was relatively weak. With the increase of tension/compression strains, the Bauschinger effect of medium manganese steel with low stacking fault energy increased, while that with high stacking fault energy remained almost unchanged and was insensitive to strain.