Abstract: The load-depth curves of 12 test points on the surface of TC17 titanium alloy were obtained by lattice Vickers indentation testing method. The bidirectional and unidirectional residual stresses of 12 test points on the alloy surface were calculated by equivalent material Vickers indentation model. The load-depth curves were obtained by substituting the residual stress values into the finite element analysis software ANSYS 19.2, and were verified by tests. The results show that the stresses at different test points on the surface were all residual tensile stresses by testing. The load-depth curves under both the bidirectional residual stress and the unidirectional residual stress simulated by finite element method were in good agreement with test results, and the relative errors of the loading curvature of the load-depth curves were less than 1.5%, which indicated that the equivalent material Vickers indentation model could accurately predict the distribution of unidirectional residual stress and bidirectional residual stress on the alloy surface layer.