Abstract: The residual stress distribution of in stainless steel layer of rolled 14Cr1MoR carbon steel /316L stainless steel composite plate was mumerial simulated and tested. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the composite plate stress field simulation with the test results. The composite plate was heat treated at different temperatures (400, 500, 600 ℃ ) for 2 h,and the influence of heat treatment temperature on the residual stress elimination effect was studied. The results show that after 6 cycles of rolling, the stress in carbon steel side near the roll was greater than that in the stainless steel side far away from the roll, and the stress increased greatly with the rapid decrease of temperature in air cooling after rolling. With the increase of depth, the rolling and lateral residual stress in the stainless steel layer increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum near the interface. The residual stress of the composite plate sample near center was greater than that at the edge. The relative error between the stress field of simulation and test results of the composite plate after air cooling was less than 15%, which proved that the finite element simulation was accurate. Heat treatment could effectively reduce the residual stress of carbon steel/stainless steel composite plate, and the higher the heat treatment temperature, the greater the rolling and lateral residual stress elimination rate of the composite plate. The elimination rate of the rolling residual stress was more than 50%.