Abstract: Medium manganese steel is a third-generation high-strength steel developed by appropriately reducing manganese content based on high manganese steel. It exhibits good toughness and high strength, demonstrating excellent wear resistance under various working conditions such as abrasive wear, impact abrasive wear, sliding friction wear, and sliding-corrosion wear. The research progress on the chemical composition, microstructure, heat treatment processes, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of medium manganese steel is reviewed. It is pointed out that future research should focus on the regulation of microstructure, industrial production, and particle-reinforced medium manganese steel-based composites.