Abstract: As aviation equipment continues to become larger and lighter, 7xxx series aluminum alloy aerospace products generally exhibit structural characteristics such as large size specifications, complex shapes, and thin-walled weak rigidity. These features make them prone to generating strong residual stress effects during processing and using, which in turn affects the processing quality of the products, and even led to failures. How to effectively control the residual stress during the manufacturing process has become a key challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. The current research status of residual stress heat treatment control technology for high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloy components is summarized in aerospace. The regulatory effects and mechanisms of quenching, cold and hot cycle treatment, cryogenic treatment, and aging stress relief on residual stress are described in detail. The main issues and development directions for the current regulation of residual stress in high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloys in aerospace are proposed.