Abstract: For welding of complex parts or medium thick base materials, groove preparation can enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of the welded joint, achieving single-sided processing and double-sided forming welding. Compared with ungrooved welded joints, grooved welded joints have more uniform heat distribution and a smaller heat-affected zone area, which helps maintain the performance of the base material, and significantly reduces deformation and post-weld residual stress caused by heat accumulation. The influence of parameters such as groove form and groove size （groove angle, groove width and root gap） on welding quality is reviewed, and the influence mechanism of groove parameters on weld formation and residual stress is introduced. The main challenges currently faced in groove design and application are pointed out, and the future research directions in this field are prospected.