Abstract: Sandpaper grinding and annealing were conducted on the passivated 301 stainless steel plate. The influence of sandpaper grinding and annealing on the fretting wear behavior of the steel plate was studied by fretting wear tests under different displacement amplitudes （10, 30, 50 μm）. The results show that with increasing displacement amplitude, the fretting wear operation areas of untreated 301 stainless steel plate and annealed heat-treated steel plate changed in sequence from partial sliding zone, mixed zone to complete sliding zone, while the sandpaper grinded steel plate directly changed from partial sliding zone to complete sliding zone; the damage mechanism of steel plates changed from adhesive wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear. The micro-texture formed by grinding the surface of the steel plate with sandpaper made the fretting operation area of the steel plate still a partial sliding zone at a displacement amplitude of 30 μm, which improved the anti-fretting damage ability of the steel. The accumulated fraction dissipation energy in the complete sliding zone under 50 μm displacement amplitude was 0.9% higher than that of the untreated steel plate, and the wear rate was 19.5% lower than that of the untreated steel plate. The wear volume of the sandpaper grinded steel plate was the lowest under different displacement amplitudes. Annealing heat treatment reduced the surface hardness of the steel plate, the accumulated fraction dissipation energy of the steel plate in the complete sliding zone under 50 μm displacement amplitude was 0.6% lower than that of the untreated steel plate, but its wear rate increases by 19.8% compared with that of the untreated steel plate.