Abstract: High-temperature wear-resistant alloys are key basic materials for modern industry and major equipment. Numerous alloy systems such as cobalt-based, nickel-based, iron-based, Ni-Al-based, Nb-Si-based alloys and high-entropy alloys have been developed. The alloys are widely used in fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, energy and power, petrochemical engineering. The compositional characteristics, microstructure and properties of high-temperature wear-resistant alloys with different material systems are described, and the relevant preparation techniques of the alloys, along with their advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes are summarized. The influence of alloying elements and processing methods on the microstructure and properties of high-temperature wear-resistant alloys is emphasized. The existing problems of high-temperature wear-resistant alloys are pointed out and the future development directions should focus on the systematic investigation of the tribological behavior of alloys and the development of low-cost, high-performance alternative materials.