真空电子束焊接工艺参数对304不锈钢/CuCrZr合金接头组织与性能的影响

臧红; 王宇; 刘硕; 杨圆明

doi:10.11973/jxgccl240568

真空电子束焊接工艺参数对304不锈钢/CuCrZr合金接头组织与性能的影响

Effect of Vacuum Electron Beam Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stainless Steel/CuCrZr Alloy Joint

摘要

摘要: 采用无扫描和扫描真空电子束焊接对CuCrZr合金和304不锈钢进行连接，研究了焊接速度（10，20，30 mm·s⁻¹，匹配的焊接束流分别为18，25，36 mA）、扫描幅值（0.5，1.0，1.5 mm）及电子束向CuCrZr合金侧偏移距离（电子束偏移量，0.2，0.4，0.6 mm）等工艺参数对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：在电子束偏移量为0、无扫描条件下，不同焊接速度下焊缝中均存在裂纹，随着焊接速度的增加，裂纹更加明显，接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率均降低；10 mm·s⁻¹焊接速度下接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为385 MPa和4.56%。在电子束偏移量为0、焊接速度为10 mm·s⁻¹条件下，不同扫描幅值下焊缝中均存在裂纹，随着扫描幅值增加，CuCrZr合金侧焊缝形成的凹陷越明显，接头的拉伸性能降低，0.5 mm扫描幅值下接头的抗拉强度为350 MPa，断后伸长率为2.37%。在电子束偏移量为0，扫描幅值固定为0.5 mm条件下，增加焊接速度至20，30 mm·s⁻¹后，焊缝中均未产生裂纹，接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率最高可达364 MPa和5.40%。在焊接速度为10 mm·s⁻¹、无扫描条件下，不同电子束偏移量下焊缝中均未出现裂纹；当电子束偏移量为0.2 mm时，焊缝组织混合均匀，接头抗拉强度达到324 MPa，断后伸长率为5.51%，随着电子束偏移量的增加，焊缝中铜相增多，接头的拉伸性能降低。

Abstract: CuCrZr alloy and 304 stainless steel were joined by normal and scanning vacuum electron beam welding. The effects of welding speed （10, 20, 30 mm·s⁻¹ with matching welding beam current of 18, 25, 36 mA）, scanning amplitude （0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mm）and the distance of electron beam offset to CuCrZr alloy side （electron beam offset, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm） on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were studied. The results show that when the electron beam offset was 0 and there was no scanning, cracks existed in the weld under different welding speeds. With the increase of welding speed, the cracks became more obvious, and the tensile strength and percentage elongation after fracture of the joint decreased. The welded joint under a welding speed of 10 mm·s⁻¹ had tensile strength of 385 MPa and percentage elongation after fracture of 4.56%. When the electron beam offset was 0 and the welding speed was 10 mm·s⁻¹, cracks existed in the weld under different scanning amplitudes. With the increase of scanning amplitude, the depression formed at the weld near CuCrZr alloy side became more obvious, and the tensile properties of the joint decreased; under the scanning amplitude of 0.5 mm, the tensile strength of the joint was 350 MPa, and the percentage elongation after fracture was 2.37%. When the electron beam offset was zero, the scanning amplitude was fixed at 0.5 mm, and the welding speed increased to 20, 30 mm·s⁻¹, no cracks were found in the weld, and the maximum tensile strength and percentage elongation after fracture of the joint reached 364 MPa and 5.40%, respectively. When the welding speed was 10 mm·s⁻¹ and there was no scanning, no cracks appeared in the weld under different electron beam offsets. When the electron beam offset was 0.2 mm, the weld microstructure was uniformly mixed, the tensile strength of the joint reached 324 MPa, and the percentage elongation after fracture was 5.51%. With the increase of the electron beam offset, the content of copper phase in the weld increased, and the tensile properties of the joint decreased.

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