Abstract: The finite element model of DD3 nickel-based single crystal high temperature alloy after shot peening strengthening was established with ANSYS/LS-DYNA software by building local coordinate system and 3-parameter Barlat model, and the finite element simulation and practical test for residual stress after shot-peening were carried out. The results show that different orientations had different residual stress states because of the anisotropy of DD3 nickel-based single crystal high temperature alloy, and the minimum residual compressive stress in different orientations on the same crystal plane appeared on the crystal orientation comprising slip system. The simulative results and experimental results matched fairly well.