Abstract: The morphology of sulfides and abrasive resistance of the as-cast and heat treated high sulfur steel with different amounts of RE were studied, and the size and distribution of sulfides were analyzed by quantitative metallography. The results show that the sulfides in as-cast structure of high sulfur steel with 0.15wt% RE were composed of MnS, CrS and FeS, the size of inclusion was smallest, the spherical sulfides in transgranular and long-stripe-like and spindle sulfides in grain boundaries were found after quenching at 860 ℃, and the size of sulfide obviously reduced. The abrasive resistance of high sulfur steel with 0.15wt% RE was fairly well after tempering at 200 ℃。