Abstract: Shot peening was performed on last stage blade root of turbine of stainless steel X5CrNiCuNb16-4, and the surface roughness, residual stress distribution and surface morphology of blade root were studied. The results show that the surface roughness of blade root after shot peening was increased from 5.2 μm, before shot peening, to 10 μm. After shot peening, the residual compressive stress of surface layer increased firstly and then decreased, and the maximum value reached to 635 MPa at the depth of 50 μm. Microstructure refined layer with the depth of 100 μm was formed after shot peening, the point-like pit distributed on the blade root surface evenly, and some defects, such as fold, crack and burr were not found on blade surface. All indexes met the requirement of the customer.