Abstract: Cr3C2 and Fe powder mixtures were employed as raw material to prepare on the surface of a low alloy steel substrate with vacuum electron beam scanning.The alloy layer was analyzed by using optical microscopy,XRD,SEM,microhardness tesing and wear resistance testing under dry sliding condition.The results show that the alloy layer had a uniform and refined microstructure.It was mainly composed of eutectic carbide phase and dendritic austenite phase.Microhardness of the layer reached 950-1 050 HV,about 2.6-3.2 times higher than that of the substrate(360 HV).The relative wear resistance of alloy layer was increased 5.2 time of substrate.There were only shallow friction in the worn surface of allooy layer,indicating an abrasive wear mechanism.While there were exfoliations in the worn surface of substrate,indicating adhesive wear.