Abstract: (Fe, Cr)7C3/Fe composites were fabricated by in-suit reaction at 1 220 ℃ for 30 min after pure chromium wires were placed in the holes drilled in the gray cast iron. The phase composition, microstructure, microhardness and abrasive wear performance of the composite with different volume fractions were tested by XRD, SEM, hardness instrument and wear tester. The results show that the composite was mainly composed of (Fe, Cr)7 C3, α-Fe and γ-Fe. The average microhardness of the composite increased with the increase of carbide volume fraction, and the highest microhardness reached to 1 453 HV0.1. The wear mass loss of the composite decreased firstly and then increased later with the increase of carbide volume fraction under abrasive wear condintion. The composite with carbide volume fraction of 62% presented the best wear resistance, as good as BTM20Cr high-chromium cast iron.