Abstract: According to the dynamic material modeling and the Prasad instability criterion, isothermal compress tests were carried out on a Gleeble-1500 dynamic thermal-mechanical machine for 3003 aluminum alloy after high efficient comprehensive melt treatment. The power dissipation chart, hot processing instability chart and hot deformation processing map of the alloy were established;the deformation regulations of the aluminum alloy during hot compressive deformation were investigated. The results show that the best processing region appeared in the conditions of medium or high deformation temperature and strain rate for 3003 aluminum alloy, in which the efficiency of power dissipation value was 55.64%. However, instable processing regions appeared at deformation temperature of 573-648 K and strain rate of 0.4-10 s-1 or deformation temperature of 698-773 K and strain rate of 0.01-0.1 s-1, which should be avoided during thermal deformation processing.