Abstract: The effect of wheel speed on rolling wear behavior of wheel steel was investigated using JD-1 wheel/rail simulation tester with Hertz simulation criteria.The morphology and hardness changes of the worn surface of wheel were analyzed by means of SEM,EDS and hardness tester.The results indicate that the wear volume of wheel decreased firstly and then increased rapidly with the increase of wheel speed.The change of wear volume had a direct relation with the formation of compact oxidation film during rolling wear process.The wear mechanism would change from abrasive wear to fatigue wear and oxidation wear with the increase of wheel speed.