Abstract: The mixed powders of Nb and Se according to a certain proportion were pressed into pellets, which were sealed into a quartz tube and sintered at 850 ℃. Then NbSe2 nanoparticles were obtained after milled and crushed the sintered body. The products were characterized by means of XRD, TEM and SEM. The tribological properties were tested by friction and wear machine for N40 lubricating oil with NbSe2 nanoparticles as additive, and compared with those of nanofibers. The results show that the NbSe2 nanoparticles with diameter of 150-300 nm had obvious lamellar structure and good crystalline. The base oil with nanoparticles had good antifriction performance. Compared with the nanofibers, nanoparticles had better antifriction performance.