Abstract: The grinding-hardening process for 48MnV non-quenched and tempered steel with different griding parameters was analyzed using the finite element software to predict the depth of the grinding-hardening layer. The microhardness and microstructure of the layer at the surface of non-quenched and tempered steel 48MnV were studied, and the regulation of layer depth changing with grinding depth was also analyzed according to microhardness and microstructure. The results showed that both values of layer depth tested through microhardness and microstructure were quite close, and the test results were accurate. The grinding-hardening layer depth reached maximum when the grinding depth was 0.2 mm, Although the predicted grinding-hardening layer depth by finite element simulation differed from the experimental results with relative error from 11.9% to 18%, which still could be accepted.